Background information on the middle ages

Where the Bosworth battle really happened and a detailed look at rationing. Bosworth: the dawn of the Tudors. More on the battle of Bosworth. The Wars of the Roses. The Wars of the Roses were the civil wars fought in England and Wales between the Yorkist and Lancastrian dynasties between and Ancient Egypt.

A brief history of the English rose. Fresh views on the Wars of the Roses. Edward IV: champion of the Wars of the Roses. The Wars of the Roses: York v Beaufort? The power behind the throne: women in the Wars of the Roses. More Wars of the Roses. The crusades. Beginning in the late 11th century, the crusades were a series of military expeditions mounted by western European Christians in a bid to conquer the Holy Land.

The long history of the Crusades.

Crusade logistics and the battle over the slave trade. More on the crusades. The Knights Templar. A military order of warrior monks who won glory on the battlefields of the Holy Land in the 12th and 13th centuries, the Knights Templar have become the stuff of legend…. The rise and fall of the Knights Templar.

Crime and Medieval Punishment

The Templars on trial: a very muted inquisition. More on the Knights Templar. Medieval kings and queens. From William the Conqueror, the first Norman king of England, to Henry Tudor, who took the English throne after defeating and killing Richard III at the battle of Bosworth in , the medieval period is full of fascinating kings and queens….

Did fear drive Richard III to the throne? The Library Edward I: man of principle or grasping opportunist? In profile: King Edward II. Lord Snowdon and Princess Margaret: why did their marriage break down? More medieval kings and queens. William the Conqueror. William the Conqueror: hero or villain? Castles of the Conqueror. More on William the Conqueror.

Top medieval podcasts. Queen Matilda. The Library Thomas Becket and 16th-century swimming. The plague, Sir Walter Ralegh and Jerusalem.

Richard III. Richard III was the last Yorkist king of England, whose death at the battle of Bosworth in signified the end of the Wars of the Roses and marked the start of the Tudor age. The Early Middle Ages began shortly after the western half fell. Between the years A. This era began as the Roman Empire collapsed, following the disorder that occurred because of the destruction of the Romans.

During this dark time, there was much disorder. Eventually, this time period led to the rise of feudalism, the immense power of the Roman Catholic Church, and many advancements in architecture, literacy, and art. The variety of events that occurred in this period allowed historians.

For this paper it will be referred to as the Middle Ages. This time is also sometimes described as the Dark Ages by some because of some of the bad events that happened and because they say nothing of importance came out of the time period. It is true Rome fell, there were many wars which caused many to die, a shortage of food that caused many to die and an awful.

The Middle Ages occurred around A. The Middle Ages is deserving of the titles Age of Feudalism due to this governing style influencing the social order of the society and the Dark Ages because this time was plagued with disease. And after the fall of the latter empire, the Dark Ages soon followed because it referred to the lack of inquiries and academic achievements by individuals and societies alike.

But after the Dark Ages, Renaissance era soon followed where scholars around the globe became conscious once again and sought for the knowledge that the Greeks once aimed for. The spread of religion was prominent during the Middle Ages. Several movements were made in order to assure the increase in the. The Middle Ages was a time period where several events had occurred, each supporting a different label for this era.

The Middle Ages deserve the titles of the Age of Feudalism and the Dark Ages because people needed stability and relied on higher government officials for protection, and there were many wars and there was no organized government. However, the Middle Ages can be best described as the Age of Faith because the Church had power over.

The Counter Reformation and the Spanish King's siding with the Council of Trent continued Spain's isolation and curtailed any reforms brought on by Renaissance humanism in educational thought. At the end of the seventeenth century, and at the beginning of the eighteenth century, a small group of Spanish thinkers began to speak out against Spain's intellectual isolation. This group of scholars, known as the Novatores denounced Spain's backwardness and called for the introduction of modern science and thought into Spain's cultural landscape. The eighteenth century in Spain was a period of reform and one of the principle instruments of reform was education.

In fact, education offered one of the greatest possibilities for bringing about reform in Spanish society. During this time, education in Spain was in a dismal state.

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Some Spaniards had read about the critiques of education in the writings of Rousseau, as well as in the writing of Spanish intellectuals such as Father Benito Feijoo and Luis Antonio Verney. There was no true educational system in eighteenth-century Spain. Education was governed and controlled for the most part by municipalities, town councils, and by the church through the teaching efforts of religious orders. The reforms put forth by the liberal Spanish governments of the early nineteenth century were similar to those of the eighteenth century.

The educational thought of M.

However noteworthy these attempts at reform seem to be, in the end, they failed. Spanish liberals believed that Spain had to provide for the most important services and needs of the population. Clearly, education was one of paramount importance. According to the Constitution of , education was the basic responsibility of the State. It was not until the middle of the nineteenth century that there were any real efforts for constructing a true system of education for Spain.

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• Middle Ages: Dark or Not? Essay.

This systematic provision of education was not at all successful. Throughout the nineteenth century, from to , a great deal of educational legislation was put forth to better Spain's educational system. Basic educational reform had to be restructured into new governmental offices. The later half of the nineteenth century was a period of political conflict between those who sought to establish a democratic constitution and conservatives who wished to continue and restore the power of the Crown.

The Revolution of and the subsequent establishment of the First Republic highlighted the importance of academic freedom and the separation of Church and State in the matters of education. With the coming of the Restoration , King Alfonso XII returned to the throne and conservatives sought to re-establish church control in education. Throughout the nineteenth century, liberals and conservatives engaged in bitter battles over educational issues. One of the most important conflicts arose in , when the government proclaimed the Decree of This decree directed university presidents Rectores to oversee that "nothing contrary to Catholic dogma or morality" would be taught in their universities.

Life In the Middle Ages: The History

The decree set off a controversy and protests from many university professors. Opponents saw the decree as a violation of their academic freedom. Many professors were dismissed or removed from their chairs. The Revolution of , and the establishment of the First Republic in , was a period of political tensions.

Introduction

Special attention was given to the importance of academic freedom but the vast majority of educational reforms were not successful. In , after a brief period of Republican efforts, the Monarchy was restored, and education fell into a constant battle between liberals and conservatives. The political instability of this period can also be seen in the many attempts at reforms in the areas of secondary and higher education. The period of the Restoration ended with the military uprising of General Primo de Rivera in and his attacks on academic freedom in Spanish higher education.

During this period, many Spanish intellectuals and university professors were exiled or silenced, among them, the noted poet-philosopher Miguel de Unamuno. With the coming of the Second Republic in , a new Constitution brought new important educational reforms, including the call for free compulsory Primary Education, academic freedom and non-religious instruction. All these changes came to an end with the failure of the Republic and the success of the Nationalist forces of General Franco at the end of the Spanish Civil War in During subsequent years, education in Spain was converted into the transmission of Franco's views of Spanish Nationalism and Catholic ideology.

There were important reforms in the s with some changes to elementary and secondary education and the establishment of preuniversity course of study. Important changes in economics and demography came to the forefront in the s.