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Start free today. The 1 Trusted Dating Site. Every 14 Minutes , Someone finds love on eharmony. While psychologists have determined that the dark triad traits are common among Internet trolls, some observers claim trolls don't actually believe the controversial views they claim.
Farhad Manjoo criticises this view, noting that if the person really is trolling, they are more intelligent than their critics would believe. There are competing theories of where and when "troll" was first used in Internet slang, with numerous unattested accounts of BBS and UseNet origins in the early s or before. The English noun "troll" in the standard sense of ugly dwarf or giant dates to and comes from the Old Norse word " troll " meaning giant or demon. In modern English usage, " trolling " may describe the fishing technique of slowly dragging a lure or baited hook from a moving boat, [21] whereas trawling describes the generally commercial act of dragging a fishing net.
Early non-Internet slang use of "trolling" can be found in the military: by the term "trolling for MiGs " was documented in use by US Navy pilots in Vietnam. It referred to use of " The contemporary use of the term is said to have appeared on the Internet in the late s, [23] [24] but the earliest known attestation according to the Oxford English Dictionary is in The context of the quote cited in the Oxford English Dictionary [26] sets the origin in Usenet in the early s as in the phrase "trolling for newbies", as used in alt.
For example, a veteran of the group might make a post on the common misconception that glass flows over time. Long-time readers would both recognize the poster's name and know that the topic had been discussed repeatedly, but new subscribers to the group would not realize, and would thus respond. These types of trolls served as a practice to identify group insiders.
This definition of trolling, considerably narrower than the modern understanding of the term, was considered a positive contribution. By the late s, alt. Others expanded the term to include the practice of playing a seriously misinformed or deluded user, even in newsgroups where one was not a regular; these were often attempts at humor rather than provocation. The noun troll usually referred to an act of trolling — or to the resulting discussion — rather than to the author, though some posts punned on the dual meaning of troll.
Both terms originate from Taiwan , and are also used in Hong Kong and mainland China. A person who recognizes the troll after having responded or, in case of a post title nak-si , having read the actual post would often refer to himself as a caught fish. The terms are explained by an adage or popular saying: "Arguing with fulano i. According to the Royal Institute of Thailand , the term, which literally refers to a closely cropped hairstyle worn by schoolboys in Thailand, is from the behaviour of these schoolboys who usually gather to play online games and, during which, make annoying, disruptive, impolite, or unreasonable expressions.
Early incidents of trolling [33] were considered to be the same as flaming , but this has changed with modern usage by the news media to refer to the creation of any content that targets another person. The Internet dictionary NetLingo suggests there are four grades of trolling: playtime trolling, tactical trolling, strategic trolling, and domination trolling. CommuniTree was begun in but was closed in when accessed by high school teenagers, becoming a ground for trashing and abuse.
They want it to kick off. They want to promote antipathetic emotions of disgust and outrage, which morbidly gives them a sense of pleasure. The practice of trolling has been documented by a number of academics as early as the s.
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Donath's paper outlines the ambiguity of identity in a disembodied " virtual community " such as Usenet :. In the physical world there is an inherent unity to the self, for the body provides a compelling and convenient definition of identity. The norm is: one body, one identity The virtual world is different.
It is composed of information rather than matter. Donath provides a concise overview of identity deception games which trade on the confusion between physical and epistemic community :. Trolling is a game about identity deception, albeit one that is played without the consent of most of the players. The troll attempts to pass as a legitimate participant, sharing the group's common interests and concerns; the newsgroup's or forum's members, if they are cognizant of trolls and other identity deceptions, attempt to both distinguish real from trolling postings, and upon judging a poster a troll, make the offending poster leave the group.
Trolls can be costly in several ways. A troll can disrupt the discussion on a newsgroup or online forum, disseminate bad advice, and damage the feeling of trust in the online community. This can be quite off-putting to the new user who upon venturing a first posting is immediately bombarded with angry accusations.
Even if the accusation is unfounded, being branded a troll may be damaging to one's online reputation. Susan Herring and colleagues in "Searching for Safety Online: Managing 'Trolling' in a Feminist Forum" point out the difficulty inherent in monitoring trolling and maintaining freedom of speech in online communities: "harassment often arises in spaces known for their freedom, lack of censure, and experimental nature".
In an effort to reduce uncivil behavior by increasing accountability, many web sites e. Reuters , Facebook , and Gizmodo now require commenters to register their names and e-mail addresses.
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Investigative journalist Sharyl Attkisson is one of several in the media who has reported on the trend for organizations to utilize trolls to manipulate public opinion as part and parcel of an astroturfing initiative. Teams of sponsored trolls, sometimes referred to as sockpuppet armies, [42] swarm a site to overwhelm any honest discourse and denigrate any who disagree with them. That same presentation also emphasized changing the topic of conversation as a winning strategy.
A study by Harvard political scientist Gary King reported that the Chinese government's 50 Cent Party creates million pro-government social media posts per year. The Chinese Government ran an editorial in the state-funded Global Times defending censorship and 50 Cent Party trolls. A study for the NATO Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence on hybrid warfare notes that the Ukrainian crisis "demonstrated how fake identities and accounts were used to disseminate narratives through social media, blogs, and web commentaries in order to manipulate, harass, or deceive opponents.
The Wikipedia troll is 'tricky', because in terms of actual text, the information is true, but the way it is expressed gives it a completely different meaning to its readers. Unlike "classic trolls," Wikipedia trolls "have no emotional input, they just supply misinformation " and are one of "the most dangerous" as well as one of "the most effective trolling message designs. The New York Times reported in late October that Saudi Arabia used an online army of Twitter trolls to harass the late Saudi dissident journalist Jamal Khashoggi and other critics of the Saudi government. In October , The Daily Telegraph reported that Facebook "banned hundreds of pages and accounts which it says were fraudulently flooding its site with partisan political content — although they came from the US instead of being associated with Russia.
Researcher Ben Radford wrote about the phenomenon of clowns in history and modern day in his book Bad Clowns and found that bad clowns have evolved into Internet trolls. They do not dress up as traditional clowns but, for their own amusement, they tease and exploit "human foibles" in order to speak the "truth" and gain a reaction. Like clowns in make-up, Internet trolls hide behind "anonymous accounts and fake usernames. A concern troll is a false flag pseudonym created by a user whose actual point of view is opposed to the one that the troll claims to hold.
The concern troll posts in web forums devoted to its declared point of view and attempts to sway the group's actions or opinions while claiming to share their goals , but with professed "concerns". The goal is to sow fear, uncertainty, and doubt within the group often by appealing to outrage culture.
Although the term "concern troll" originated in discussions of online behavior, it now sees increasing use to describe similar behaviors that take place offline. Wolcott links what he calls concern trolls to what Saul Alinsky calls "Do-Nothings", giving a long quote from Alinsky on the Do-Nothings' method and effects:.
These Do-Nothings profess a commitment to social change for ideals of justice, equality, and opportunity, and then abstain from and discourage all effective action for change. They are known by their brand, 'I agree with your ends but not your means'. The concern trolls in question were not Internet participants but rather Republicans offering public advice and warnings to the Democrats.
The author defines "concern trolling" as "offering a poisoned apple in the form of advice to political opponents that, if taken, would harm the recipient". A The New York Times article discussed troll activity at 4chan and at Encyclopedia Dramatica , which it described as "an online compendium of troll humor and troll lore". These trolls feed off the reactions of their victims because "their agenda is to take delight in causing trouble".
The French internet group Ligue du LOL has been accused of organized harassment and described as a troll group. Mainstream media outlets have focused their attention on the willingness of some Internet users to go to extreme lengths to participate in organized psychological harassment. In February , the Australian government became involved after users defaced the Facebook tribute pages of murdered children Trinity Bates and Elliott Fletcher.