Based on our findings, we believe that death certificate data are certainly a useful tool to give good insight in place of death in relation to other factors in a cross-national perspective and an ideal basis to interpret complementary qualitative and epidemiological studies. However, in order to make international monitoring of place of death more feasible and accurate, improvements are recommended:. A minimum set of variables should be made available [ 42 ].
Next to the place of death variable with at least the categories hospital, care home, and own home , age, sex, cause of death in ICD10 codes, or in detailed aggregations , and living situation e. This set can be elaborated with other variables e. We suggest therefore to make modifications on aspects of the death certificates, for example by striving for more standardization in the 'place of death' variable, and by regularly modifying the place of death variable according to developments in the patterns of dying in our society e.
In the light of monitoring how health care resources are allocated distinguishing patients dying in a regular inpatient facility or in a highly equipped intensive care unit might be opportune. Also modifications in the coding of the death certificates can be considered, for example by the coding of all certified information on place of death.
Well-thought-out procedures to link death certificate information with other databases might not only preclude duplicate registration of certain variables, but also possibly increase the reliability of the data as we can not expect physicians to accurately provide all kinds of information on the patient and at the same time prevent unnecessarily burdening certain informants e.
Finally, we also suggest some modifications in the procedures to get permission to use the death certificate data for research purposes. The collection of death certificates is primarily driven by an administrative purpose. National laws and regulations regarding collection and dissemination of death certificate have often been drafted accordingly and therefore often limit dissemination of these data for other purposes e. Increasing privacy measures additionally limit this kind of dissemination of data.
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Although a thorough scrutinising of an application is surely required in order to protect confidentiality, additional protective requirements should be proportional to the possible harm individuals might suffer from a possible ab use of the data [ 54 ]. More standardisation in the procedures to get permission to use death certificate data for research purposes is required, and ideally one centralised authorisation should be sufficient. This may require including additional specifications for research use of the data in existing laws and regulations.
Nevertheless, if the useful opportunity to include information via linkage with other data sources e. To facilitate cross national comparative studies, the manner in which these privacy rules are applied for research can best be discussed in an international context. J Palliat Med. Tang ST, McCorkle R: Determinants of congruence between the preferred and actual place of death for terminally ill cancer patients. J Palliat Care. Clin Geriatr Med.
- Death Certificates of Finns.
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J Am Geriatr Soc. Fourth Report of Session — Volume 1. Kroneman M, Siegers JJ: The effect of hospital bed reduction on the use of beds: a comparative study of 10 European countries.
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Soc Sci Med. Dudgeon DJ, Kristjanson L: Home versus hospital death: assessment of preferences and clinical challenges. A study of patients dying of cancer in a rural Swedish county in Palliat Med. Support Care Cancer. Gomes B, Higginson IJ: Factors influencing death at home in terminally ill patients with cancer: systematic review. A prospective study in palliative cancer care. Brazil K, Bedard M, Willison K: Factors associated with home death for individuals who receive home support services: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Palliat Care. J Clin Oncol. J Pain Symptom Manage. Carroll DS: An audit of place of death of cancer patients in a semi-rural Scottish practice.
Fukui S, Fukui N, Kawagoe H: Predictors of place of death for Japanese patients with advanced-stage malignant disease in home care settings: a nationwide survey.
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Br J Cancer. Ir Med J. Tang ST: Influencing factors of place of death among home care patients with cancer in Taiwan. Cancer Nurs. Environment and Planning A. Buechner JS: Trends and patterns in place of death, Med Health R I. Health Aff Millwood. J Community Health.
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Ten-year trends in the place of death of cancer patients in England. Public Health.
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Br J Gen Pract. Health Policy. Instruction Manual. Part 9. Edited by: U. Eur J Health Law. Int J Epidemiol. Mor V, Hiris J: Determinants of site of death among hospice cancer patients. J Health Soc Behav. Ann Intern Med. Comparison with autopsy findings and a critical review. Med J Aust.
Implications for health statistics. J Public Health Med. Ann Epidemiol. Download references. This study was supported by a grant of Brussels Capital-Region. The funding source did not have any role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the paper for publication.
Outside of work, the community established 'Finn Halls', places where people organized politically and preserved their cultural heritage. Historically significant concentrations of Finns are in Naselle and Astoria near southern border to Oregon, and, of course, in Kirkland's Finn Hill where there were some 50 Finnish households. In Seattle, Ballard is the neighborhood where many Finns located in the past and where the Finnish Lutheran Church and the Nordic Museum are now situated.
The project is the only oral history initiative with a specific focus on Nordic immigrants and their descendants. There is still a strong Finnish community in the state the present day. We are also proud to have our own representative in our state Legislature, Senator Marko Liias , Pentti Rinne who has kindly kept up a database of emails of local Finns, The Finlandia Foundation, Finnish School of Seattle, Seattlen Suomalaiset and Kirpputori Facebook groups that keep us all connected.
Gary London — previously the President of the Finlandia Foundation Seattle Chapter - has been organizing an almost-monthly Finnish movie night at the local Swedish Club for years now. Services will be held as follows:. Graveside Services. Saturday, August 17, Normal Hill Cemetery. Lewiston, ID Baker of Kennewick passed away June 25, Services have been held. Retiree James R.