Vinatage wind up record player

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Items in search results. Search refinements Categories. Collectibles 7. Radio, Phonograph, TV, Phone 7. Entertainment Memorabilia 1. Music Memorabilia 1. Format see all Format. All Listings filter applied. Buy It Now. Edison felt the increasing commercial pressure for disc records, and by , though reluctant at first, his production of disc records was in full swing. This was the Edison Disc Record. Nevertheless, he continued to manufacture cylinders until and was last to withdraw from that market. From the mids until World War I , both phonograph cylinder and disc recordings and machines to play them on were widely mass-marketed and sold.

The disc system superseded the cylinder in Europe by when both Columbia and Pathe withdrew from that market. By , Edison was the only company still producing cylinders in the USA although in Great Britain small manufacturers pressed on until See gramophone record. The s brought improved radio technology and radio sales, bringing many phonograph dealers to near financial ruin. With efforts at improved audio fidelity, the big record companies succeeded in keeping business booming through the end of the decade, but the record sales plummeted during the Great Depression , with many companies merging or going out of business.

Record sales picked up appreciably by the late 30s and early 40s, with greater improvements in fidelity and more money to be spent. In the s, vinyl originally known as vinylite was introduced as a record material for radio transcription discs , and for radio commercials. At that time, virtually no discs for home use were made from this material. This significantly reduced breakage during transport.

The first commercial vinylite record was the set of five 12" discs " Prince Igor " Asch Records album S, dubbed from Soviet masters in Victor began selling some home-use vinyl 78s in late ; but most 78s were made of a shellac compound until the rpm format was completely phased out. Shellac records were heavier and more brittle. Booms in record sales returned after the Second World War, as industry standards changed from 78s to vinyl, long-playing records commonly called record albums , which could contain an entire symphony , and 45s which usually contained one hit song popularized on the radio — thus the term "single" record — plus another song on the back or "flip" side.

An " extended play " version of the 45 was also available, designated 45 EP , which provided capacity for longer musical selections, or for two regular-length songs per side. Shortcomings include surface noise caused by dirt or abrasions scratches and failure caused by deep surface scratches causing skipping of the stylus forward and missing a section, or groove lock, causing a section to repeat, usually punctuated by a popping noise.

Their circuitry used three Philco germanium PNP alloy-fused junction audio frequency transistors. By the s, cheaper portable record players and record changers which played stacks of records in wooden console cabinets were popular, usually with heavy and crude tonearms in the portables. The consoles were often equipped with better quality pick-up cartridges. Even pharmacies stocked 45 rpm records at their front counters. Rock music played on 45s became the soundtrack to the s as people bought the same songs that were played free of charge on the radio.

Some record players were even tried in automobiles, but were quickly displaced by 8-track and cassette tapes. High fidelity made great advances during the s, as turntables became very precise instruments with belt or direct drive, jewel-balanced tonearms, some with electronically controlled linear tracking and magnetic cartridges. A well-maintained record would have very little surface noise.

A novelty variation on the standard format was the use of multiple concentric spirals with different recordings. Thus when the record was played multiple times, different recordings would play, seemingly at random. These were often utilized in talking toys and games. Records themselves became an art form because of the large surface onto which graphics and books could be printed, and records could be molded into unusual shapes, colors, or with images picture discs. The turntable remained a common element of home audio systems well after the introduction of other media, such as audio tape and even the early years of the compact disc as a lower-priced music format.

However, even though the cost of producing CDs fell below that of records, CDs remained a higher-priced music format than either cassettes or records. Thus, records were not uncommon in home audio systems into the early s. By the turn of the 21st century, the turntable had become a niche product, as the price of CD players , which reproduce music free of pops and scratches, fell far lower than high-fidelity tape players or turntables. Nevertheless, there is some increase in interest; many big-box media stores carry turntables, as do professional DJ equipment stores.

Most low-end and mid-range amplifiers omit the phono input ; but on the other hand, low-end turntables with built-in phono pre-amplifiers are widely available. Some combination systems include a basic turntable, a CD player, a cassette deck. Records also continue to be manufactured and sold today, albeit in smaller quantities than in the disc phonograph's heyday.

Inexpensive record players typically used a flanged steel stamping for the turntable structure. A rubber disc would be secured to the top of the stamping to provide traction for the record, as well as a small amount of vibration isolation. The spindle bearing usually consisted of a bronze bushing.

The flange on the stamping provided a convenient place to drive the turntable by means of an idler wheel see below. While light and cheap to manufacture, these mechanisms had low inertia , making motor speed instabilities more pronounced. Costlier turntables made from heavy aluminium castings have greater balanced mass and inertia, helping minimize vibration at the stylus, and maintaining constant speed without wow or flutter, even if the motor exhibits cogging effects. Like stamped steel turntables, they were topped with rubber.

Because of the increased mass, they usually employed ball bearings or roller bearings in the spindle to reduce friction and noise. Most are belt or direct drive, but some use an idler wheel. A specific case was the Swiss "Lenco" drive, which possessed a very heavy turntable coupled via an idler wheel to a long, tapered motor drive shaft. This enabled stepless rotation or speed control on the drive. Because of this feature the Lenco became popular in the late s with dancing schools, because the dancing instructor could lead the dancing exercises at different speeds.

A Mechanical Marvel

By the early s, some companies started producing very inexpensive turntables that displaced the products of companies like BSR. Commonly found in "all-in-one" stereos from assorted far-east manufacturers, they used a thin plastic table set in a plastic plinth, no mats, belt drive, weak motors, and often, lightweight plastic tonearms with no counterweight. Most used sapphire pickups housed in ceramic cartridges, and they lacked several features of earlier units, such as auto-start and record-stacking.

While not as common now that turntables are absent from the cheap "all-in-one" units, this type of turntable has made a strong resurgence in nostalgia-marketed record players. From the earliest phonograph designs, many of which were powered by spring-wound mechanisms, a speed governor was essential. Most of these employed some type of flywheel-friction disc to control the speed of the rotating cylinder or turntable; as the speed increased, centrifugal force caused a brake—often a felt pad—to rub against a smooth metal surface, slowing rotation. Electrically powered turntables, whose rotational speed was governed by other means, eventually made their mechanical counterparts obsolete.

The mechanical governor was, however, still employed in some toy phonographs such as those found in talking dolls until they were replaced by digital sound generators in the late 20th century. Many modern players have platters with a continuous series of strobe markings machined or printed around their edge. Viewing these markings in artificial light at mains frequency produces a stroboscopic effect , which can be used to verify proper rotational speed.

Additionally, the edge of the turntable can contain magnetic markings to provide feedback pulses to an electronic speed-control system. Earlier designs used a rubberized idler-wheel drive system. However, wear and decomposition of the wheel, as well as the direct mechanical coupling to a vibrating motor, introduced low-frequency noise " rumble " and speed variations " wow and flutter " into the sound.

These systems generally used a synchronous motor which ran at a speed synchronized to the frequency of the AC power supply.

Portable record players typically used an inexpensive shaded-pole motor. At the end of the motor shaft there was a stepped driving capstan; to obtain different speeds, the rubber idler wheel was moved to contact different steps of this capstan. The idler was pinched against the bottom or inside edge of the platter to drive it. Until the s, the idler-wheel drive was the most common on turntables, except for higher-end audiophile models.

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However, even some higher-end turntables, such as the Lenco , Garrard , EMT , and Dual turntables, used idler-wheel drive. Belt drives brought improved motor and platter isolation compared to idler-wheel designs.